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Wheat |
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Wheat
cultivation has been known in northern Sudan between
latitudes 17 & 27 north for thousands of years. In
spite of these limitations wheat area was extended from
about 75,000 ha in 1989 to 415,000
 hectares
in 1992 increasing production from 234,000 tons to 839,000
tons consecutively. That was enough
to realize
self-sufficiency in wheat at that time. However, in the
following years of policy liberalization and the ensuing
inflation the cost of production became prohibitive and the
area was reduced to the level of 1989 prompting
the country to import most of its wheat requirements.
At present the Gezira Scheme produces more than 50% of
total wheat production, which is also produced in the
northern and Nile States in addition to specified areas in
Rahad and New Halfa schemes. |
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Wheat Mills
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The
design capacity of all wheat mills in the Sudan is
estimated at 1.3 million tons, just enough to produce
about 900,000 tons of flour to meet the local demand, in
addition to about 360,000 tons of wheat bran, which is
used in the animal feed industry.
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Sorghum |
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Sorghum
comes first by area and volume of crop. At least one third
of the total cropped area in the Sudan
is annually placed under sorghum, producing about 75% of
food grains in the country. Most of the crop is
consumed locally, with a significant part used as fodder and
yet another part is utilized by the industry for the
production of glucose and starch. All excess sorghum is
exported, specially to the markets of the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia where it fetches high prices because of its high
quality.
Sorghum in the Sudan is characterized by wide genetic
variations opening the way for selecting varieties with
differentiated qualities with respect to ripening period,
stalk length, grain colour and size, drought resistance,
resistance to pests and diseases.. etc to suite the various
environmental regions and consumer taste.
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Millet |
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Millet
is the most important cereal in western Sudan where 95% of
total dukhn area is found, estimated at 2.1 million ha.
Millet is grown in the quoz region with sparse rains and
soils with poor fertility. The productive area is usually
not more than half the cultivated area. The total annual
production is estimated between 320,000 and 400,000 tons,
all consumed locally |
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